Промене климе мењају и воћарство
Србија се убрзано суочава са дубоким климатским променама које мењају готово све – годишња доба, водне ресурсе, шумске екосистеме и стабилност пољопривреде, упозорио је недавно професор Географског факултета у Београду Александар Ваљаревић.
TL;DR
- Serbia is rapidly facing profound climate changes affecting seasons, water resources, forests, and agriculture.
- Water is becoming scarce due to drying rivers and limited underground reserves.
- The last 60 years mark a new climatic regime with stronger Mediterranean influences and semi-desert characteristics emerging.
- Seasons are shifting, with shorter autumns and springs, leaving pronounced summers and winters, and a fifth 'season' of extremes.
- Climate change is expected to cause significant yield drops in most plant cultures for every degree of warming.
- High temperatures, especially in the afternoons, coupled with low humidity and high radiation, create major problems for plants.
- The core issue for plants under heat stress is water deficit, which is increasingly challenging for farmers.
- Farmers are resorting to drilling wells without adhering to hydrological criteria and drawing water from watercourses illegally.
- Solutions require complex measures including appropriate site selection, soil preparation, selection of resistant varieties, healthy planting material, modern agro-technical measures, and protective structures.
- Some crops may no longer be viable in traditional growing areas, necessitating shifts to higher altitudes, while others, like figs, might spread.
- Sustainable agricultural practices such as reduced tillage, using mycorrhizal fungi, controlled use of fertilizers and pesticides, and cover cropping are recommended.
- Understanding plant growth cycles and physiological functions is crucial for successful adaptation.